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through favor

  • 1 beneficium

    bĕnĕfĭcĭum (better than bĕnĭfĭcĭ-um), ii, n. [beneficus].
    I.
    A benefaction, kindness, favor, benefit, service, euergetêma (sunt qui ita distinguunt, quaedam beneficia esse, quaedam officia, quaedam ministeria. Beneficium esse, quod alienus det:

    alienus est, qui potuit sine reprehensione cessare: officium esse filii, uxoris et earum personarum, quas necessitudo suscitat et ferre opem jubet: ministerium esse servi, quem condicio sua eo loco posuit, ut nihil eorum, quae praestat, imputet superiori,

    Sen. Ben.3, 18, 1);—(in prose freq.; in poetry, for metrical reasons, only in play-writers; most freq. in Ter.).
    A.
    In gen.:

    nullum beneficium esse duco id, quod, quoi facias, non placet,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 12:

    beneficium accipere,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

    pro maleficio beneficium reddere,

    id. Phorm. 2, 2, 22:

    immemor beneficii,

    id. And. 1, 1, 17:

    cupio aliquos parere amicos beneficio meo,

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 69:

    beneficium verbis initum re comprobare,

    id. And. 5, 1, 5:

    nec enim si tuam ob causam cuiquam commodes, beneficium illud habendum est, sed feneratio,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117; id. Off. 2. 20, 70:

    beneficio adligari: beneficio victus esse,

    Cic. Planc. 33, 81; cf.:

    Jugurtham beneficiis vincere,

    Sall. J. 9, 3:

    collocare,

    Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49 al.; 2, 20, 69:

    dare,

    id. ib. 1, 15, 48; id. Fam. 13, 8, 3' deferre, id. Off. 1, 15, 49: conferre in aliquem, [p. 232] id. ib. 1, 14, 45: quia magna mihi debebat beneficia, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1:

    in republicā multo praestat benefici quam malefici immemorem esse,

    Sall. J. 31, 28:

    senatus et populus Romanus benefici et injuriae memor esse solet,

    id. ib. 104, 5; Petr. 126, 4:

    in iis (hominibus) beneficio ac maleficio abstineri aecum censent,

    Liv. 5, 3, 8:

    immortali memoriā retinere beneficia,

    Nep. Att. 11, 5 al. —Of the favor of the people in giving their vote:

    quidquid hoc beneficio populi Romani atque hac potestate praetoriā possum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 69, and 71.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    Beneficio, through favor, by the help, aid, support, mediation:

    beneficio tuo salvus,

    thanks to you, Cic. Fam. 11, 22, 1; 13, 35, 1:

    nostri consulatūs beneficio,

    by means of, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 6:

    servari beneficio Caesaris,

    Vell. 2, 71, 1:

    hoc beneficio,

    by this means, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 14:

    sortium beneficio,

    by the lucky turn of, Caes. B. G. 1, 53 Herz.:

    longissimae aetatis,

    Quint. 3, 1, 9:

    ingenii,

    id. 2, 11, 2; 5, 10, 121:

    eloquentiae,

    Tac. Or. 8 al.; cf.: fortunae beneficium, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2.—
    (β).
    In gen., by the agency of:

    quod beneficio ejus contingit,

    Dig. 39, 2, 40, § 1:

    beneficio furis,

    ib. 47, 2, 46 pr.—
    2.
    Alicujus beneficii facere (habere, etc.), to make dependent on one ' s bounty or favor (post-Aug.):

    commeatus a senatu peti solitos benefici sui fecit,

    Suet. Claud. 23:

    ut munus imperii beneficii sui faceret,

    Just. 13, 4, 9; cf.:

    adeo quidem dominis servi beneficia possunt dare, ut ipsos saepe beneficii sui fecerint,

    Sen. Ben. 3, 18, 4:

    sed nihil habebimus nisi beneficii alieni?

    Quint. 10, 4, 6.—
    II.
    Transf. to political life.
    A.
    A distinction, support, favor, promotion (esp. freq. after the Aug. per.):

    coöptatio collegiorum ad populi beneficium transferebatur,

    Cic. Lael. 25, 96; id. Phil. 2, 36, 91:

    quibus omnia populi Romani beneficia dormientibus deferuntur,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 70, § 180:

    in beneficiis ad aerarium delatus,

    among those recommended to favor, id. Arch. 5, 11 Halm. ad loc.; id. Fam. 7, 5, 3:

    cum suo magno beneficio esset,

    under great obligation to his recommendation, id. Phil. 8, 6 Wernsd.; Flor. 4, 2, 92; cf. Suet. Tit. 8.—So,
    2.
    Esp. freq. of military promotions (whence beneficiarius, q. v.):

    quod scribis de beneficiis, scito a me et tribunos militaris et praefectos... delatos esse,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 7:

    ut tribuni militum... quae antea dictatorum et consulum ferme fuerant beneficia,

    Liv. 9, 30, 3:

    beneficia gratuita esse populi Romani,

    id. 45, 42, 11; Hirt. B. Afr. 54, 5:

    per beneficia Nymphidii,

    promoted, advanced through the favor of Nymphidius, Tac. H. 1, 25; 4, 48 Lips.:

    beneficii sui centuriones,

    i. e. his creatures, Suet. Tib. 12:

    Liber beneficiorum or Beneficium,

    the book in which the public lands that were bestowed were designated, Hyg. Limit. Const. p. 193 Goes.; Arcad. ib. p. 260.—So, SERVVS. A. COMMENTARIIS. BENEFICIORVM., Inscr. Grut. 578, 1.—
    B.
    A privilege, right (post-Aug.):

    anulorum,

    Dig. 48, 7, 42:

    religionis,

    ib. 3, 3, 18:

    militaris,

    ib. 29, 1, 3.—Hence, liberorum, a release from the office of judge, received in consequence of having a certain number of children, Suet. Claud. 15; Dig. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    C.
    Personified, as a god:

    duos omnino (deos credere), Poenam et Beneficium,

    Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > beneficium

  • 2 benificium

    bĕnĕfĭcĭum (better than bĕnĭfĭcĭ-um), ii, n. [beneficus].
    I.
    A benefaction, kindness, favor, benefit, service, euergetêma (sunt qui ita distinguunt, quaedam beneficia esse, quaedam officia, quaedam ministeria. Beneficium esse, quod alienus det:

    alienus est, qui potuit sine reprehensione cessare: officium esse filii, uxoris et earum personarum, quas necessitudo suscitat et ferre opem jubet: ministerium esse servi, quem condicio sua eo loco posuit, ut nihil eorum, quae praestat, imputet superiori,

    Sen. Ben.3, 18, 1);—(in prose freq.; in poetry, for metrical reasons, only in play-writers; most freq. in Ter.).
    A.
    In gen.:

    nullum beneficium esse duco id, quod, quoi facias, non placet,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 12:

    beneficium accipere,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

    pro maleficio beneficium reddere,

    id. Phorm. 2, 2, 22:

    immemor beneficii,

    id. And. 1, 1, 17:

    cupio aliquos parere amicos beneficio meo,

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 69:

    beneficium verbis initum re comprobare,

    id. And. 5, 1, 5:

    nec enim si tuam ob causam cuiquam commodes, beneficium illud habendum est, sed feneratio,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117; id. Off. 2. 20, 70:

    beneficio adligari: beneficio victus esse,

    Cic. Planc. 33, 81; cf.:

    Jugurtham beneficiis vincere,

    Sall. J. 9, 3:

    collocare,

    Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49 al.; 2, 20, 69:

    dare,

    id. ib. 1, 15, 48; id. Fam. 13, 8, 3' deferre, id. Off. 1, 15, 49: conferre in aliquem, [p. 232] id. ib. 1, 14, 45: quia magna mihi debebat beneficia, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1:

    in republicā multo praestat benefici quam malefici immemorem esse,

    Sall. J. 31, 28:

    senatus et populus Romanus benefici et injuriae memor esse solet,

    id. ib. 104, 5; Petr. 126, 4:

    in iis (hominibus) beneficio ac maleficio abstineri aecum censent,

    Liv. 5, 3, 8:

    immortali memoriā retinere beneficia,

    Nep. Att. 11, 5 al. —Of the favor of the people in giving their vote:

    quidquid hoc beneficio populi Romani atque hac potestate praetoriā possum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 69, and 71.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    Beneficio, through favor, by the help, aid, support, mediation:

    beneficio tuo salvus,

    thanks to you, Cic. Fam. 11, 22, 1; 13, 35, 1:

    nostri consulatūs beneficio,

    by means of, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 6:

    servari beneficio Caesaris,

    Vell. 2, 71, 1:

    hoc beneficio,

    by this means, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 14:

    sortium beneficio,

    by the lucky turn of, Caes. B. G. 1, 53 Herz.:

    longissimae aetatis,

    Quint. 3, 1, 9:

    ingenii,

    id. 2, 11, 2; 5, 10, 121:

    eloquentiae,

    Tac. Or. 8 al.; cf.: fortunae beneficium, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2.—
    (β).
    In gen., by the agency of:

    quod beneficio ejus contingit,

    Dig. 39, 2, 40, § 1:

    beneficio furis,

    ib. 47, 2, 46 pr.—
    2.
    Alicujus beneficii facere (habere, etc.), to make dependent on one ' s bounty or favor (post-Aug.):

    commeatus a senatu peti solitos benefici sui fecit,

    Suet. Claud. 23:

    ut munus imperii beneficii sui faceret,

    Just. 13, 4, 9; cf.:

    adeo quidem dominis servi beneficia possunt dare, ut ipsos saepe beneficii sui fecerint,

    Sen. Ben. 3, 18, 4:

    sed nihil habebimus nisi beneficii alieni?

    Quint. 10, 4, 6.—
    II.
    Transf. to political life.
    A.
    A distinction, support, favor, promotion (esp. freq. after the Aug. per.):

    coöptatio collegiorum ad populi beneficium transferebatur,

    Cic. Lael. 25, 96; id. Phil. 2, 36, 91:

    quibus omnia populi Romani beneficia dormientibus deferuntur,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 70, § 180:

    in beneficiis ad aerarium delatus,

    among those recommended to favor, id. Arch. 5, 11 Halm. ad loc.; id. Fam. 7, 5, 3:

    cum suo magno beneficio esset,

    under great obligation to his recommendation, id. Phil. 8, 6 Wernsd.; Flor. 4, 2, 92; cf. Suet. Tit. 8.—So,
    2.
    Esp. freq. of military promotions (whence beneficiarius, q. v.):

    quod scribis de beneficiis, scito a me et tribunos militaris et praefectos... delatos esse,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 7:

    ut tribuni militum... quae antea dictatorum et consulum ferme fuerant beneficia,

    Liv. 9, 30, 3:

    beneficia gratuita esse populi Romani,

    id. 45, 42, 11; Hirt. B. Afr. 54, 5:

    per beneficia Nymphidii,

    promoted, advanced through the favor of Nymphidius, Tac. H. 1, 25; 4, 48 Lips.:

    beneficii sui centuriones,

    i. e. his creatures, Suet. Tib. 12:

    Liber beneficiorum or Beneficium,

    the book in which the public lands that were bestowed were designated, Hyg. Limit. Const. p. 193 Goes.; Arcad. ib. p. 260.—So, SERVVS. A. COMMENTARIIS. BENEFICIORVM., Inscr. Grut. 578, 1.—
    B.
    A privilege, right (post-Aug.):

    anulorum,

    Dig. 48, 7, 42:

    religionis,

    ib. 3, 3, 18:

    militaris,

    ib. 29, 1, 3.—Hence, liberorum, a release from the office of judge, received in consequence of having a certain number of children, Suet. Claud. 15; Dig. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    C.
    Personified, as a god:

    duos omnino (deos credere), Poenam et Beneficium,

    Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > benificium

  • 3 grātiōsus

        grātiōsus adj. with comp. and sup.    [gratia], full of favor, in favor, popular, acceptable, beloved, agreeable: Plancium gratiosum esse dico: homo gratiosior quam Calidius: adversarius gratiosissimus: apud Globulum gratiosior, in higher favor: gratiosissimus in provinciā: causae: missio, through favor, L.— That shows favor, obliging, complaisant: scribae in dando loco: ad officium necessitudinis.
    * * *
    gratiosa, gratiosum ADJ
    agreeable, enjoying favor; kind

    Latin-English dictionary > grātiōsus

  • 4 gratiosus

    grātĭōsus, a, um, adj. [gratia], full of favor.
    I.
    Enjoying favor, in favor, popular, regarded, beloved, agreeable, etc. (class.;

    a favorite expression with Cicero, and used mostly of persons): ego Plancium et ipsum gratiosum esse dico et habuisse in petitione multos cupidos sui gratiosos, etc.,

    Cic. Planc. 19, 46:

    homini honesto, sed non gratiosiori quam Cn. Calidius est,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 44:

    cum adversario gratiosissimo contendat,

    id. Quint. 1, 2:

    homines potentes, gratiosi, diserti,

    id. Cael. 9, 21; cf.:

    splendidi homines et aliis praetoribus gratiosi,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 14, § 37:

    Pythius, qui esset ut argentarius apud omnes ordines gratiosus,

    id. Off. 3, 14, 58; cf. id. Planc. 18, 44; id. Att. 15, 4, 3:

    ut ego doceo gratiosum esse in sua tribu Plancium,

    id. Planc. 19, 47; cf.:

    sunt quidam homines in suis vicinitatibus et municipiis gratiosi,

    Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 6, 24:

    is cum et suo splendore et nostra commendatione gratiosissimus in provincia fuit,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 3.—Of things:

    vidi et cognovi, causas apud te rogantium gratiosiores esse quam vultus,

    id. Lig. 11, 31:

    gratiosa missio,

    through favor, Liv. 43, 14, 9:

    sententia,

    Dig. 3, 6, 5; cf.:

    Berytensis colonia Augusti beneficiis gratiosa,

    favored, ib. 50, 15, 1:

    cupressus odore violenta ac ne umbra quidem gratiosa, materie rara,

    Plin. 16, 33, 60, § 139.—
    II.
    That shows favor, obliging, complaisant (very rare):

    gratiosi scribae sint in dando et cedendo loco,

    Cic. Brut. 84, 290.—Hence, adv.: grātĭōse, out of favor, graciously (postclass. and very rare):

    neque sordide neque gratiose,

    Dig. 26, 7, 7, § 2.— Comp.:

    gratiosius,

    Pseudo Ascon. Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > gratiosus

  • 5 conciliō

        conciliō āvī, ātus, āre    [concilium], to bring together, unite, reconcile, make friendly, win over, conciliate: nos: inter nos legiones sibi pecuniā: homines inter se: homines sibi conciliari amiciores, N.: civitates amicitiā Caesari, Cs.: primoribus se patrum, L.: arma quae sibi conciliet, seeks as allies, V.: deos homini, O.: reges, N.: animos hominum: mihi sceptra Iovemque, i. e. the throne through the favor of Jupiter, V.—To procure, purchase, obtain, acquire, win, gain: prodi, male conciliate, you bad bargain, T.: HS viciens ex hoc uno genere, to extort: pecuniae conciliandae causā.—Fig., to cause, bring about, procure, mediate, acquire, make, produce: pacem, T.: favorem ad volgum, L.: quocum mihi amicitiam: vestram ad me audiendum benevolentiam: maiestatem nomini Romano, L.: otium, N.— To commend: artes suas (alicui), O.
    * * *
    conciliare, conciliavi, conciliatus V TRANS
    unite, bring together/about; cause; win over, attract; acquire, procure, buy; attract favor of, render favorably disposed; commend, endear; acquire; gain; bring a woman to man as wife, match; procure as a mistress; obtain improperly

    Latin-English dictionary > conciliō

  • 6 foveō

        foveō fōvī, fōtus, ēre    [FAV-], to warm, keep warm: pennis (pullos): pulli a matribus foti: ignes manu, i. e. keep up, O.: nomen in marmore aperto pectore, warmed with her naked breast, O. — To cherish, foster, fondle, foment: corpus, O.: volnus lymphā, bathe, V.: gremio (puerum), V.: anhelans Colla fovet, i. e. leans against the tree, V.: castra fovere, cling to, V.: hiemem luxu, sit the winter through, V.—Fig., to cherish, caress, love, favor, support, assist, encourage: hunc: (duces) pugnantīs spe, encourage, L.: utram partem, L.: fovendis hominum sensibus, by pampering: vota animo, O.: perditam spem, L.: Cupidine bella, prolonged by Cupid's agency, V.: dolores, palliate: famam inanem, i. e. an unfounded reputation, V.: hoc regnum dea gentibus esse tenditque fovetque, fondly strives, V.
    * * *
    fovere, fovi, fotus V
    keep warm; favor, cherish, maintain, foster

    Latin-English dictionary > foveō

  • 7 ambitio

    ambĭtĭo, ōnis, f. [ambio], a going round.
    I.
    In the time of the republic, t. t. (v. ambio, II. B.), the going about of candidates for office in Rome, and the soliciting of individual citizens for their vote, a canvassing, suing for office (by just and lawful means;

    while ambitus denotes unlawful means, as bribery, threats, etc.): quid de nostris ambitionibus loquar?

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 62:

    mea me ambitio ab omni illā cogitatione abstrahebat,

    id. Sull. 4:

    cum ambitionis nostrae tempora postulabant,

    id. Planc. 18, 45:

    si infinitus forensium rerum labor et ambitionis occupatio decursu honorum etiam aetatis flexu constitisset,

    id. de Or. 1, 1, 1:

    hic magistratus a populo summā ambitione contenditur,

    id. Verr. 2, 53, 131:

    tanta exarsit ambitio, ut primores civitatis prensarent homines,

    Liv. 3, 35, 1 et saep.—
    II.
    A.. In gen., a striving for one's favor or good-will; an excessive desire to please, flattery, adulation:

    ambitione labi,

    Cic. Brut. 69, 244:

    sive aliquā suspitione sive ambitione adducti,

    id. Clu. 28, 76:

    in Scipione ambitio major, vita tristior,

    id. Off. 1, 30, 108 Heus., Beier, and Gernh.: Dionysius Platonem magnā ambitione Syracusas perduxit, in an ostentatious manner, for the purpose of securing his favor, Nep. Dion, 2, 2 Br. and Dähn.:

    ambitio (i.e. studium Fabiis placendi) obstabat,

    Liv. 5, 36:

    ambitione relegatā,

    without flattery, Hor. S. 1, 10, 84: ambitionem scriptoris facile averseris, obtrectatio et livor pronis auribus accipiuntur, Tac. H. 1, 1:

    nullo officii aut ambitionis genere omisso, i.e. nullis blanditiis,

    Suet. Oth. 4:

    coronas quam parcissime et sine ambitione tribuit,

    id. Aug. 25 et saep.—Hence, also partiality:

    jus sibi per ambitionem dictum non esse,

    Liv. 3, 47.—
    B.
    With the predom. idea of the purpose or end, a desire for honor, popularity, power, display, etc.; in bon. part., ambition; in mal. part., vanity. —So in Lucr. of the ambitious efforts of men:

    Angustum per iter luctantes ambitionis,

    struggling to press through the narrow way of ambition, Lucr. 5, 1132:

    me ambitio quaedam ad honorum studium duxit,

    Cic. Att. 1, 17:

    Miserrima omnino est ambitio honorumque contentio,

    id. Off. 1, 25:

    a quo incepto studioque me ambitio mala detinuerat,

    Sall. C. 4, 2:

    aut ab avaritiā aut miserā ambitione laborat,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 26:

    Vitā solutorum miserā ambitione gravique,

    id. ib. 1, 6, 129; so id. ib. 2, 3, 78;

    2, 6, 18: inanis,

    id. Ep. 2, 2, 207:

    levis,

    Ov. F. 1, 103 al.:

    licet ipsa vitium sit ambitio, tamen frequenter causa virtutum est,

    Quint. 1, 2, 22:

    perversa,

    id. 10, 7, 20:

    funerum nulla ambitio,

    no display, pomp, Tac. G. 27.—
    C.
    Great exertion:

    cum admitti magnā ambitione aegre obtinuisset,

    Just. 1, 3.—
    D.
    That which surrounds (v. ambio, 2.;

    postclass. for ambitus): vimineos alveos circumdant ambitione tergorum bubulorum,

    with a wrapping of cowhide, Sol. 22:

    fuliginem ambitio extimae cutis cohibet,

    id. 35: ita assedimus, ut me ex tribus medium lateris ambitione protegerent, Min. Oct. 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ambitio

  • 8 beneficiarii

    bĕnĕfĭcĭārĭus, a, um, adj. [beneficium], pertaining to a favor.
    I.
    As adj. only once:

    res,

    Sen. Ep. 90, 2.—
    II.
    Freq. subst.: bĕnĕfĭcĭārĭi, ōrum, m.; in milit. lang., soldiers who, through the favor of their commander, were exempt from menial offices (throwing up intrenchments, procuring wood and water, foraging, etc.), free or privileged soldiers: beneficiarii dicebantur milites, qui vacabant muneris beneficio;

    e contrario munifices vocabantur, qui non vacabant, sed munus reipublicae faciebant,

    Fest. p. 27; cf.

    Comm. p. 347: beneficiarii superiorum exercituum,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 88. Such beneficiarii were usually in attendance upon their commanders, and were promoted by them to office: Benephikialioi hoi epi therapeiai tôn Magistratôn tetagmenoi, Gloss.:

    beneficiarii ab eo appellati quod promoventur beneficio tribunorum,

    Veg. Mil. 2, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 75; Plin. Ep. 10, 21 (32); 10, 27 (36); Inscr. Orell. 192; 929; 1394 et saep.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > beneficiarii

  • 9 beneficiarius

    bĕnĕfĭcĭārĭus, a, um, adj. [beneficium], pertaining to a favor.
    I.
    As adj. only once:

    res,

    Sen. Ep. 90, 2.—
    II.
    Freq. subst.: bĕnĕfĭcĭārĭi, ōrum, m.; in milit. lang., soldiers who, through the favor of their commander, were exempt from menial offices (throwing up intrenchments, procuring wood and water, foraging, etc.), free or privileged soldiers: beneficiarii dicebantur milites, qui vacabant muneris beneficio;

    e contrario munifices vocabantur, qui non vacabant, sed munus reipublicae faciebant,

    Fest. p. 27; cf.

    Comm. p. 347: beneficiarii superiorum exercituum,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 88. Such beneficiarii were usually in attendance upon their commanders, and were promoted by them to office: Benephikialioi hoi epi therapeiai tôn Magistratôn tetagmenoi, Gloss.:

    beneficiarii ab eo appellati quod promoventur beneficio tribunorum,

    Veg. Mil. 2, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 75; Plin. Ep. 10, 21 (32); 10, 27 (36); Inscr. Orell. 192; 929; 1394 et saep.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > beneficiarius

  • 10 lis

    līs, lītis (old form stlis, stlitis, like stlocus for locus; cf. Quint. 1, 4, 16), f. [root star-, in sterno; cf. Germ. streiten, to contend], a strife, dispute, quarrel.
    I.
    In gen.:

    si quis pugnam expectat, litis contrahat,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 63:

    philosophi aetatem in litibus conterunt,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53:

    grammatici certant et adhuc sub judice lis est,

    Hor. A. P. 78:

    morsus litibus alternis dati,

    Prop. 4 (5), 5, 39:

    semper habet lites alternaque jurgia lectus In quo nupta jacet,

    Juv. 6, 268.— Transf., of inanimate things:

    lis est cum formā magna pudicitiae,

    Ov. H. 16, 288; id. F. 1, 107.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    A charge, an accusation:

    accipito hanc tute ad te litem... Fac ego ne metuam mihi, atque ut tu meam timeas vicem,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 23. —
    B.
    A lawsuit, an action or process at law:

    nam mihi tris hodie litis judicandas dicito,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 10: hodie juris coctiores [p. 1071] non sunt, qui litis creant, Quam sunt hice, qui, si nihil est litium, litis serunt, id. Poen. 3, 2, 9 sq.; Cic. de Or. 3, 28, 109:

    repetere ac persequi lite atque judicio aliquid,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 13, § 32:

    litem alicui intendere,

    id. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

    in inferendis litibus,

    id. Rab. Post. 4, 10:

    contestari,

    id. Att. 16, 15, 2:

    obtinere aut amittere,

    id. Rosc. Com. 4, 10:

    orare,

    id. Off. 3. 10, 43:

    sedare,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 132:

    secare,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 42:

    perdere,

    Gai. Inst. 4, 30:

    in litibus aestimandis,

    in suits for damages, Cic. Clu. 41, 116; id. Rab. Post. 4, 9:

    lis capitis,

    a prosecution involving life, a capital charge, id. Clu. 41, 116:

    aestimationem litium non esse judicium,

    an appraisal of damages, id. ib.; cf. id. Rab. Post. 5, 11:

    cum in eum litis aestimares,

    id. ib. 5, 12:

    quod vulgo dicitur, e lege Julia litem anno et sex mensibus mori,

    Gai. Inst. 4, 104.—
    2.
    In the phrase: litem suam facere, to make the cause his own, said,
    (α).
    Litem suam facere, of an advocate who neglects the cause of his client and seeks his own advantage:

    quid, si cum pro altero dicas, litem tuam facias?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 75, 305.—
    (β).
    Also of a judge who, out of favor or through bribery, pronounces an unjust sentence, or who turns aside from the questions strictly before him to express his own opinions or feelings through the judgment: debet enim judex attendere, ut cum certae pecuniae condemnatio posita sit, neque majoris neque minoris summa petita nummo condemnet, alioquin litem suam facit;

    item si taxatio posita sit, ne pluris condemnet quam taxatum sit, alias enim similiter litem suam facit,

    Gai. Inst. 2, 52:

    si judex litem suam fecerit,

    Dig. 44, 7, 4, § 4; cf. ib. 5, 1, 15; so, trop.: nam et Varro satis aperte, quid dicere oporteret, edocuit;

    et ego adversus eum, qui doctus esse dicebatur, litem meam facere absens nolui,

    Gell. 10, 1.—
    (γ).
    Also of a judge who does not appear on the day appointed: inde ad comitium vadunt, ne litem suam faciant, C. Titius ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—
    C.
    The subject of an action at law, the matter in dispute:

    quibus res erat in controversia, ea vocabatur lis,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 93 Müll.:

    illud mihi mirum videri solet, tot homines statuere non potuisse, utrum rem an litem dici oporteret,

    Cic. Mur. 12, 27:

    lites severe aestimatae,

    id. ib. 20, 42:

    quo minus secundum eas tabulas lis detur, non recusamus,

    id. Rosc. Com. 1, 3:

    de tota lite pactionem facere,

    id. ib. 14, 40:

    in suam rem litem vertere,

    Liv. 3, 72:

    litem lite resolvere,

    to explain one obscure thing by another equally so, Hor. S. 2, 3, 103.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > lis

  • 11 ā

       ā    (before consonants), ab (before vowels, h, and some consonants, esp. l, n, r, s), abs (usu. only before t and q, esp. freq. before the pron. te), old af, praep. with abl., denoting separation or departure (opp. ad).    I. Lit., in space, from, away from, out of.    A. With motion: ab urbe proficisci, Cs.: a supero mari Flaminia (est via), leads: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun: usque a mari supero Romam proficisci, all the way from; with names of cities and small islands, or with domo, home (for the simple abl; of motion, away from, not out of, a place); hence, of raising a siege, of the march of soldiers, the setting out of a fleet, etc.: oppidum ab Aeneā fugiente a Troiā conditum: ab Alesiā, Cs.: profectus ab Orico cum classe, Cs.; with names of persons or with pronouns: cum a vobis discessero: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, i. e. from his house, T.; (praegn.): a rege munera repudiare, from, sent by, N.—    B. Without motion.    1. Of separation or distance: abesse a domo paulisper maluit: tum Brutus ab Romā aberat, S.: hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat, Cs.: a foro longe abesse: procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt, Cs.: cum esset bellum tam prope a Siciliā; so with numerals to express distance: ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo, eight miles distant, Cs.: ab milibus passuum minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off, Cs.; so rarely with substantives: quod tanta machinatio ab tanto spatio instrueretur, so far away, Cs.—    2. To denote a side or direction, etc., at, on, in: ab sinistrā parte nudatis castris, on the left, Cs.: ab eā parte, quā, etc., on that side, S.: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, Cs.: ab decumanā portā castra munita, at the main entrance, Cs.: crepuit hinc a Glycerio ostium, of the house of G., T.: (cornua) ab labris argento circumcludunt, on the edges, Cs.; hence, a fronte, in the van; a latere, on the flank; a tergo, in the rear, behind; a dextro cornu, on the right wing; a medio spatio, half way.—    II. Fig.    A. Of time.    1. Of a point of time, after: Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus, immediately after, Cs.: ab eo magistratu, after this office, S.: recens a volnere Dido, fresh from her wound, V.: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine, i. e. after leaving, L.: ab his, i. e. after these words, hereupon, O.: ab simili <*>ade domo profugus, i. e. after and in consequence of, L.—    2. Of a period of time, from, since, after: ab hora tertiā bibebatur, from the third hour: ab Sullā et Pompeio consulibus, since the consulship of: ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumum annum, since, S.: augures omnes usque ab Romulo, since the time of: iam inde ab infelici pugnā ceciderant animi, from (and in consequence of), L.; hence, ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first: ab integro, anew, afresh: ab... ad, from (a time)... to: cum ab horā septimā ad vesperum pugnatum sit, Cs.; with nouns or adjectives denoting a time of life: iam inde a pueritiā, T.: a pueritiā: a pueris: iam inde ab incunabulis, L.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, L.: ab parvulis, Cs.—    B. In other relations.    1. To denote separation, deterring, intermitting, distinction, difference, etc., from: quo discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem: propius abesse ab ortu: alter ab illo, next after him, V.: Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus, next in rank to, H.: impotentia animi a temperantiā dissidens: alieno a te animo fuit, estranged; so with adjj. denoting free, strange, pure, etc.: res familiaris casta a cruore civili: purum ab humano cultu solum, L.: (opoidum) vacuum ab defensoribus, Cs.: alqm pudicum servare ab omni facto, etc., II.; with substt.: impunitas ab iudicio: ab armis quies dabatur, L.; or verbs: haec a custodiis loca vacabant, Cs.—    2. To denote the agent, by: qui (Mars) saepe spoliantem iam evertit et perculit ab abiecto, by the agency of: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro: si quid ei a Caesare gravius accidisset, at Caesar's hands, Cs.: vetus umor ab igne percaluit solis, under, O.: a populo P. imperia perferre, Cs.: equo lassus ab indomito, H.: volgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus? by whose hands and upon whose orders? factus ab arte decor, artificial, O.: destitutus ab spe, L.; (for the sake of the metre): correptus ab ignibus, O.; (poet. with abl. of means or instr.): intumuit venter ab undā, O.—Ab with abl. of agent for the dat., to avoid ambiguity, or for emphasis: quibus (civibus) est a vobis consulendum: te a me nostrae consuetudinis monendum esse puto.—    3. To denote source, origin, extraction, from, of: Turnus ab Ariciā, L.: si ego me a M. Tullio esse dicerem: oriundi ab Sabinis, L.: dulces a fontibus undae, V.—With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping (cf. a parte), from, on the part of: a quo quidem genere, iudices, ego numquam timui: nec ab Romanis vobis ulla est spes, you can expect nothing from the Romans, L.; (ellipt.): haec a servorum bello pericula, threatened by: quem metus a praetore Romano stimulabat, fear of what the praetor might do, L.—With verbs of paying, etc., solvere, persolvere, dare (pecuniam) ab aliquo, to pay through, by a draft on, etc.: se praetor dedit, a quaestore numeravit, quaestor a mensā publicā, by an order on the quaestor: ei legat pecuniam a filio, to be paid by his son: scribe decem (milia) a Nerio, pay by a draft on Nerius, H.; cognoscere ab aliquā re, to know or learn by means of something (but ab aliquo, from some one): id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse, Cs.; in giving an etymology: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, L.—Rarely with verbs of beginning and repeating: coepere a fame mala, L.: a se suisque orsus, Ta.—    4. With verbs of freeing from, defending, protecting, from, against: ut a proeliis quietem habuerant, L.: provincia a calamitate est defendenda: sustinere se a lapsu, L.—    5. With verbs and adjectives, to define the respect in which, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of: orba ab optimatibus contio: mons vastus ab naturā et humano cultu, S.: ne ab re sint omissiores, too neglectful of money or property, T.: posse a facundiā, in the matter of eloquence, T.; cf. with laborare, for the simple abl, in, for want of: laborare ab re frumentariā, Cs.—    6. In stating a motive, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: patres ab honore appellati, L.: inops tum urbs ab longinquā obsidione, L.—    7. Indicating a part of the whole, of, out of: scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto, Cs.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).—    8. Marking that to which anything belongs: qui sunt ab eā disciplinā: nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt.—    9. Of a side or party: vide ne hoc totum sit a me, makes for my view: vir ab innocentiā clementissimus, in favor of.—10. In late prose, of an office: ab epistulis, a secretary, Ta. Note. Ab is not repeated with a following pron interrog. or relat.: Arsinoën, Stratum, Naupactum... fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc. It is often separated from the word which it governs: a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo: a minus bono, S.: a satis miti principio, L.—The poets join a and que, making āque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.): aque Chao, V.: aque mero, O.—In composition, ab- stands before vowels, and h, b, d, i consonant, l, n, r, s; abs- before c, q, t; b is dropped, leaving as- before p; ā- is found in āfuī, āfore ( inf fut. of absum); and au- in auferō, aufugiō.
    * * *
    I
    Ah!; (distress/regret/pity, appeal/entreaty, surprise/joy, objection/contempt)
    II
    by (agent), from (departure, cause, remote origin/time); after (reference)
    III
    ante, abb. a.

    in calendar expression a. d. = ante diem -- before the day

    Latin-English dictionary > ā

  • 12 grātīs

        grātīs adv.    [for gratiis], out of favor, through kindness, without recompense, without pay, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis: frumentum dare: ne gratis in provinciā male audires: rei p. servire: praetor factus est.
    * * *
    gratis, without payment, for nothing; freely; for no reward but thanks

    Latin-English dictionary > grātīs

  • 13 arbiter

    arbĭter, tri, m. [ar = ad (v. ad init.) and bito = eo], orig., one that goes to something in order to see or hear it; hence, a spectator, beholder, hearer, an eye-witness, a witness (class. through all periods; used several times by Plaut., but only twice by Ter.; syn.: testis, speculator, conscius).
    I.
    In gen.:

    aequi et justi hic eritis omnes arbitri,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 16:

    mi quidem jam arbitri vicini sunt, meae quid fiat domi, Ita per impluvium introspectant,

    id. Mil. 2, 2, 3:

    ne arbitri dicta nostra arbitrari (i. e. speculari, v. arbitror) queant,

    id. Capt. 2, 1, 28; so id. ib. 2, 1, 34; id. Cas. 1, 1, 2; 1, 1, 55; id. Mil. 4, 4, 1; id. Merc. 5, 4, 46; id. Poen. 1, 1, 50; 3, 3, 50; id. Trin. 1, 2, 109:

    aut desine aut cedo quemvis arbitrum,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 43:

    quis est decisionis arbiter?

    Cic. Fl. 36:

    ab arbitris remoto loco,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 31:

    remotis arbitris,

    after the removal of, id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    omnibus arbitris procul amotis,

    Sall. C. 20, 1 Corte:

    arbitros eicit,

    Liv. 1, 41:

    remotis arbitris,

    id. 2, 4:

    sine arbitro,

    id. 27, 28:

    absque arbitris,

    Vulg. Gen. 39, 11:

    loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

    Cic. Att. 15, 16 B; Just. 21, 4:

    secretorum omnium arbiter, i. e. conscius,

    Curt. 3, 12, 9:

    procul est, ait, arbiter omnis,

    Ov. M. 2, 458 (cf. id. ib. 4, 63: conscius omnis abest).—
    II.
    Esp.
    A.
    In judic. lang., t. t., prop., he that is appointed to inquire into a cause (cf. adire hiberna, Tac. H. 1, 52, and intervenio) and settle it; hence, an umpire, arbiter, a judge, in an actio bonae fidei (i. e. who decides acc. to equity, while the judex decides acc. to laws), Sen. Ben. 3, 7 (cf. Zimmern, Rechtsgesch. 3 B, § 8; 3 B, § 42; 3 B, § 60 sq., and the jurists there cited).— So in the fragments of the Twelve Tables: JVDICI. ARBITROVE. REOVE. DIES. DIFFISVS. ESTO., ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. reus, p. 227 Müll.: Prae TOR. ARBITROS. TRES. DATO. ap. Fest. s. v. vindiciae, p. 376 Müll., and the ancient judicial formula:

    P. J. A. V. P. V. D., i. e. PRAETOREM JVDICEM ARBITRVMVE POSTVLO VTI DET,

    Val. Prob. p. 1539 P.:

    ibo ad arbitrum,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 101; so id. ib. 4, 3, 104:

    Vicini nostri hic ambigunt de finibus: Me cepere arbitrum,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 90 (arbiter dabatur his, qui de finibus regendis ambigerent, Don.); so,

    arbiter Nolanis de finibus a senatu datus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 10, 33.—Of the Hebrew judges:

    subjacebit damno, quantum arbitri judicaverint,

    Vulg. Exod. 21, 22.—Hence, trop.:

    Taurus immensus ipse et innumerarum gentium arbiter,

    that sets boundaries to numerous tribes, Plin. 5, 27, 27, § 97:

    arbitrum familiae herciscundae postulavit,

    Cic. Caecin. 7: arbitrum illum adegit (i. e. ad arbitrum illum egit; cf.

    adigo),

    id. Off. 3, 16, 66:

    quis in hanc rem fuit arbiter?

    id. Rosc. Com. 4, 12.—In the time of Cicero, when, acc. to the Lex Aebutia, the decisions were given in definite formulae of the praetor, the formal distinction between judex and arbiter disappeared, Cic. Mur. 12 fin. —
    B.
    Transf. from the sphere of judicial proceedings, a judge, an arbitrator, umpire, in gen.: arbiter inter antiquam Academiam et Zenonem. Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53:

    Judicet Dominus, arbiter hujus diei, inter etc.,

    Vulg. Jud. 11, 27.—So of Paris:

    arbiter formae,

    Ov. H. 16, 69: pugnae, the judge, umpire of the contest, ho brabeutês, Hor. C. 3, 20, 11:

    favor arbiter coronae,

    which adjudged the prize of victory, Mart. 7, 72, 10.—
    C.
    He that rules over, governs, or manages something, a lord, ruler, master (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose; syn.: rex, dominus): arbiter imperii (Augustus), Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 47:

    armorum (Mars),

    id. F. 3, 73:

    bibendi,

    Hor. C. 2, 7, 25 (cf. id. ib. 1, 4, 18: nec regna vini sortiere talis, and in Gr. basileus tou sumposiou):

    quo (sc. Noto) non arbiter Hadriae Major,

    who rules over the sea, id. ib. 1, 3, 15:

    arbiter Eurystheus irae Junonis iniquae,

    i. e. the executor, fulfiller of her wrath, Ov. H. 9, 45 al. —In prose, Tac. A. 1, 26:

    regni,

    id. ib. 13, 14, where Halm reads arbitrium:

    rerum,

    id. ib. 2, 73:

    di potentium populorum arbitri,

    id. ib. 15, 24:

    (JOVI) RERVM RECTORI FATORVMQVE ARBITRO,

    Inscr. Orell. 1269 et saep.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > arbiter

  • 14 ex

    ex or ē (ex always before vowels, and elsewh. more freq. than e; e. g. in Cic. Rep. e occurs 19 times, but ex 61 times, before consonants—but no rule can be given for the usage; cf., e. g., ex and e together:

    qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 14. But certain expressions have almost constantly the same form, as ex parte, ex sententia, ex senatus consulto, ex lege, ex tempore, etc.; but e regione, e re nata, e vestigio, e medio, and e republica used adverbially; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 756 sq.), praep. with abl. [kindr. with Gr. ek, ex], denotes out from the interior of a thing, in opposition to in (cf. ab and de init.), out of, from.
    I.
    In space.
    A.
    Prop.:

    interea e portu nostra navis solvitur, Ubi portu exiimus, etc.,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 54:

    quam (sphaeram) M. Marcelli avus captis Syracusis ex urbe locupletissima atque ornatissima sustulisset, cum aliud nihil ex tanta praeda domum suam deportavisset,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

    influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem,

    id. ib. 2, 19:

    visam, ecquae advenerit In portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 3, 2, 5;

    3, 6, 32 al.: magno de flumine malim quam ex hoc fonticulo tantundem sumere,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 56; cf.:

    nec vos de paupere mensa Dona nec e puris spernite fictilibus,

    Tib. 1, 1, 38:

    clanculum ex aedibus me edidi foras,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 9; so freq. with verbs compounded with ex; also with verbs compounded with ab and de, v. abeo, abscedo, amoveo, aveho, etc.; decedo, deduco, defero, deicio, etc.—
    2.
    In a downward direction, from, down from, from off:

    ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidisse,

    Cic. Fat. 3, 6; cf. Liv. 35, 21:

    picis e caelo demissum flumen,

    Lucr. 6, 257:

    equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 3; cf.:

    cecidisse ex equo dicitur,

    Cic. Clu. 62 fin.:

    e curru trahitur,

    id. Rep. 2, 41:

    e curru desilit,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 559 et saep., v. cado, decido, decurro, deduco, delabor, elabor, etc.—
    3.
    In an upward direction, from, above:

    collis paululum ex planitie editus,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 8, 3:

    globum terrae eminentem e mari,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 28;

    and trop.: consilia erigendae ex tam gravi casu rei publicae,

    Liv. 6, 2.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    To indicate the country, and, in gen., the place from or out of which any person or thing comes, from:

    ex Aethiopia est usque haec,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 18:

    quod erat ex eodem municipio,

    Cic. Clu. 17, 49; cf. id. ib. 5, 11.—Freq. without a verb:

    Philocrates ex Alide,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 10:

    ex Aethiopia ancillula,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 85 Ruhnk.:

    negotiator ex Africa,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5:

    Epicurei e Graecia,

    id. N. D. 1, 21, 58:

    Q. Junius ex Hispania quidam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 27:

    ex India elephanti,

    Liv. 35, 32:

    civis Romanus e conventu Panhormitano,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54 Zumpt; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 59 fin.:

    meretrix e proxumo,

    Plaut. As. 1, 1, 38; cf. id. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

    puer ex aula (sc. regis barbari),

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 7:

    ex spelunca saxum,

    Cic. Fat. 3, 6:

    saxum ex capitolio,

    Liv. 35, 21, 6:

    ex equo cadere,

    Cic. Clu. 32, 175; cf. id. Fat. 3, 6; Auct. B. Hisp. 15 et saep.—
    2.
    To indicate the place from which any thing is done or takes place, from, down from: ibi tum derepente ex alto in altum despexit mare, Enn. ap. Non. 518, 6 (for which:

    a summo caelo despicere,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 87; and:

    de vertice montis despicere,

    id. M. 11, 503); cf.:

    T. Labienus... ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4:

    ex qua (villa) jam audieram fremitum clientium meorum,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3:

    ex hoc ipso loco permulta contra legem eam verba fecisti,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; so id. ib. 8 fin.; cf.:

    judices aut e plano aut e quaesitoris tribunali admonebat,

    Suet. Tib. 33:

    ex equo, ex prora, ex puppi pugnare,

    Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202 and 209; cf. Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 3:

    ex vinculis causam dicere,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 1; Liv. 29, 19.—Hence the adverbial expressions, ex adverso, ex diverso, ex contrario, e regione, ex parte, e vestigio, etc.; v. the words adversus, diversus, etc.—Also, ex itinere, during or on a journey, on the march, without halting, Cic. Fam. 3, 9; Sall. C. 34, 2; Liv. 35, 24; Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 1; 3, 21, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Sall. J. 56, 3 al.; cf.

    also: ex fuga,

    during the flight, Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 6; id. B. C. 3, 95; 96 fin.; Sall. J. 54, 4 Kritz.; Liv. 6, 29; 28, 23 al.
    II.
    In time.
    A.
    From a certain point of time, i. e. immediately after, directly after, after (in this sense more freq. than ab):

    Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam,

    Cic. Brut. 92, 318; so,

    ex consulatu,

    Liv. 4, 31 Drak.; 40, 1 fin.; 22, 49; 27, 34; Vell. 2, 33, 1 al.:

    ex praetura,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53; id. Mur. 7, 15; Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 4; 1, 31, 2:

    ex dictatura,

    Liv. 10, 5 fin.:

    ex eo magistratu,

    Vell. 2, 31 et saep.; cf.:

    Agrippa ex Asia (pro consule eam provinciam annuo imperio tenuerat) Moesiae praepositus est,

    Tac. H. 3, 46 fin.:

    statim e somno lavantur,

    id. G. 22:

    tanta repente vilitas annonae ex summa inopia et caritate rei frumentariae consecuta est,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; cf. Liv. 21, 39:

    ex aliquo graviore actu personam deponere,

    Quint. 6, 2, 35:

    mulier ex partu si, etc.,

    Cels. 2, 8:

    ex magnis rupibus nactus planitiem,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 3; cf.: ex maximo bello tantum otium totae insulae conciliavit, ut, etc., Nop. Timol. 3, 2; and:

    ex magna desperatione tandem saluti redditus,

    Just. 12, 10, 1 et saep.:

    ex quo obses Romae fuit,

    since he was a hostage in Rome, Liv. 40, 5 fin. —So the phrase, aliud ex alio, one thing after another:

    me quotidie aliud ex alio impedit,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 19 fin.; Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14 (cf. also, alius, D.):

    aliam rem ex alia cogitare,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 3:

    alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando,

    Liv. 4, 2.—So, too, diem ex die exspectabam, one day after another, from day to day, Cic. Att. 7, 26 fin.; cf.:

    diem ex die ducere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5 (v. dies, I. A. b.).—
    2.
    With names of office or calling, to denote one who has completed his term of office, or has relinquished his vocation. So in class. Lat. very dub.;

    for the passage,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46, 4, belongs more correctly under III. B. It is, however, very common in post-class. Lat., esp. in inscriptions—ex consule, ex comite, ex duce, ex equite, ex praefecto, etc.— an ex-consul, etc. (for which, without good MS. authority, the nominatives exconsul, excomes, exdux, etc., are sometimes assumed, in analogy with proconsul, and subvillicus; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 562, note, and the authors there cited):

    vir excelsus ex quaestore et ex consule Tribonianus,

    Cod. Just. 1, 17, 2, § 9; cf.:

    Pupienus et Balbinus, ambo ex consulibus,

    Capitol. Gord. 22:

    duo ante ipsam aram a Gallicano ex consulibus et Maecenate ex ducibus interempti sunt,

    id. ib.:

    mandabat Domitiano, ex comite largitionum, praefecto, ut, etc.,

    Amm. 14, 7, 9:

    Serenianus ex duce,

    id. 14, 7, 7:

    INLVSTRIS EX PRAEFECTO praeTORIO ET EX PRAEFECTO VRbis,

    Inscr. Orell. 2355 al., v. Inscr. Orell. in Indice, p. 525.—

    And of a period of life: quem si Constans Imperator olim ex adulto jamque maturum audiret, etc.,

    i. e. who had outgrown the period of youth, and was now a man, Amm. 16, 7.—
    B.
    From and after a given time, from... onward, from, since (cf. ab, II. A. 2.):

    bonus volo jam ex hoc die esse,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 10:

    itaque ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit,

    Cic. Quint. 5 fin.:

    nec vero usquam discedebam, nec a republica deiciebam oculos, ex eo die, quo, etc.,

    id. Phil. 1, 1:

    ex aeterno tempore,

    id. Fin. 1, 6, 17:

    ex hoc die,

    id. Rep. 1, 16:

    motum ex Metello consule civicum tractas,

    from the consulship of Metellus, Hor. C. 2, 1, 1:

    C. Pompeius Diogenes ex Kalendis Juliis cenaculum locat,

    Petr. 38, 10; so usually in forms of hiring; cf. Garaton. Cic. Phil. 2, 39, 100:

    ex ea die ad hanc diem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12 fin.:

    memoria tenent, me ex Kalendis Januariis ad hanc horam invigilasse rei publicae,

    id. Phil. 14, 7, 20.—Esp.: ex quo (sc. tempore), since: [p. 670] octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., Tac. Agr. 33; id. A. 14, 53:

    sextus decimus dies agitur, ex quo,

    id. H. 1, 29:

    sextus mensis est, ex quo,

    Curt. 10, 6, 9; Hor. Ep. 11, 5; so,

    ex eo,

    Tac. A. 12, 7; Suet. Caes. 22:

    ex illo,

    Ov. F. 5, 670; Stat. Silv. 1, 2, 81.—
    C.
    Less freq. in specifying a future date (after which something is to be done), from, after:

    Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Jan. magni tumultus sint,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3:

    hunc judicem ex Kal. Jan. non habemus... ex Kal. Jan. non judicabunt,

    id. Verr. 1, 10:

    ex Idibus Mart.... ex Idibus Mai.,

    id. Att. 5, 21, 9.
    III.
    In other relations, and in gen. where a going out or forth, a coming or springing out of any thing is conceivable.
    A.
    With verbs of taking out, or, in gen., of taking, receiving, deriving (both physically and mentally; so of perceiving, comprehending, inquiring, learning, hoping, etc.), away from, from, out of, of:

    solem e mundo tollere videntur, qui amicitiam e vita tollunt,

    Cic. Lael. 13, 47:

    ex omni populo deligendi potestas,

    id. Agr. 2, 9, 23:

    agro ex hoste capto,

    Liv. 41, 14, 3:

    cui cum liceret majores ex otio fructus capere,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 4:

    ex populo Romano bona accipere,

    Sall. J. 102:

    majorem laetitiam ex desiderio bonorum percepimus, quam ex laetitia improborum dolorem,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 4:

    quaesierat ex me Scipio,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    ex te requirunt,

    id. ib. 2, 38:

    de quo studeo ex te audire, quid sentias,

    id. ib. 1, 11 fin.; 1, 30; 1, 46; 2, 38; cf.:

    intellexi ex tuis litteris te ex Turannio audisse, etc.,

    id. Att. 6, 9, 3:

    ex eo cum ab ineunte ejus aetate bene speravissem,

    id. Fam. 13, 16 et saep.; cf.:

    ex aliqua re aliquid nominare,

    id. N. D. 2, 20, 51:

    vocare,

    Tac. G. 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 4, 55; Sall. J. 5, 4.—
    B.
    In specifying a multitude from which something is taken, or of which it forms a part, out of, of:

    qui ex civitate in senatum, ex senatu in hoc consilium delecti estis,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 3 fin.:

    e vectoribus sorte ductus,

    id. Rep. 1, 34:

    ecquis est ex tanto populo, qui? etc.,

    id. Rab. Post. 17:

    homo ex numero disertorum postulabat, ut, etc.,

    id. de Or. 1, 37, 168: Q. Fulgentius, ex primo hastato (sc. ordine) legionis XIV., i. e. a soldier of the first division of hastati of the 14 th legion, Caes. B. C. 1, 46;

    v. hastatus: e barbaris ipsis nulli erant maritimi,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 4:

    unus ex illis decemviris,

    id. ib. 2, 37:

    ex omnibus seculis vix tria aut quatuor nominantur paria amicorum,

    id. Lael. 4, 15:

    aliquis ex vobis,

    id. Cael. 3, 7; id. Fam. 13, 1 fin.: id enim ei ex ovo videbatur aurum declarasse;

    reliquum, argentum,

    this of the egg, id. Div. 2, 65:

    quo e collegio (sc. decemvirorum),

    id. Rep. 2, 36:

    virgines ex sacerdotio Vestae,

    Flor. 1, 13, 12:

    alia ex hoc quaestu,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 29 Ruhnk.; cf.:

    fuit eodem ex studio vir eruditus apud patres nostros,

    Cic. Mur. 36; Ov. Am. 2, 5, 54; Sen. Ben. 3, 9; id. Ep. 52, 3:

    qui sibi detulerat ex latronibus suis principatum,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 3:

    est tibi ex his, qui assunt, bella copia,

    id. Rep. 2, 40:

    Batavi non multum ex ripa, sed insulam Rheni amnis colunt,

    Tac. G. 29:

    acerrimum autem ex omnibus nostris sensibus esse sensum videndi,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

    ex tribus istis modis rerum publicarum velim scire quod optimum judices,

    id. Rep. 1, 30; cf. id. ib. 1, 35 et saep.—
    2.
    Sometimes a circumlocution for the subject. gen., of (cf. de):

    has (turres) altitudo puppium ex barbaris navibus superabat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 4:

    album ex ovo cum rosa mixtum,

    Cels. 4, 20:

    ex fraxino frondes, ex leguminibus paleae,

    Col. 7, 3, 21 sq. —
    C.
    To indicate the material of which any thing is made or consists, of:

    fenestrae e viminibus factae,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 6; cf.:

    statua ex aere facta,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21; and:

    ex eo auro buculam curasse faciendam,

    id. Div. 1, 24:

    substramen e palea,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 4:

    pocula ex auro, vas vinarium ex una gemma pergrandi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27:

    monilia e gemmis,

    Suet. Calig. 56:

    farina ex faba,

    Cels. 5, 28:

    potiones ex absinthio,

    id. ib. et saep.:

    Ennius (i. e. statua ejus) constitutus ex marmore,

    Cic. Arch. 9 fin.; cf. id. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

    (homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore caduco et infirmo,

    id. N. D. 1, 35, 98:

    natura concreta ex pluribus naturis,

    id. ib. 3, 14; id. Rep. 1, 45; id. Ac. 1, 2, 6: cum Epicuro autem hoc est plus negotii, quod e duplici genere voluptatis conjunctus est, id. Fin. 2, 14, 44 et saep.—
    D.
    To denote technically the material, out of, i. e. with which any thing to eat or drink, etc., is mixed or prepared (esp. freq. of medical preparations):

    resinam ex melle Aegyptiam,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 28:

    quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17:

    bibat jejunus ex aqua castoreum,

    Cels. 3, 23:

    aqua ex lauro decocta,

    id. 4, 2; cf.:

    farina tritici ex aceto cocta,

    Plin. 22, 25, 57, § 120:

    pullum hirundinis servatum ex sale,

    Cels. 4, 4:

    nuclei pinei ex melle, panis vel elota alica ex aqua mulsa (danda est),

    id. 4, 7 et saep.—So of the mixing of colors or flavors:

    bacae e viridi rubentes,

    Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 127:

    frutex ramosus, bacis e nigro rufis,

    id. ib. §

    132: id solum e rubro lacteum traditur,

    id. 12, 14, 30, § 52:

    e viridi pallens,

    id. 37, 8, 33, § 110:

    apes ex aureolo variae,

    Col. 9, 3, 2:

    sucus ex austero dulcis,

    Plin. 13, 9, 18, § 62; 21, 8, 26, § 50:

    ex dulci acre,

    id. 11, 15, 15, § 39; cf.

    trop.: erat totus ex fraude et mendacio factus,

    Cic. Clu. 26.—
    E.
    To indicate the cause or reason of any thing, from, through, by, by reason of, on account of:

    cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33:

    ex doctrina nobilis et clarus,

    id. Rab. Post. 9, 23:

    ex vulnere aeger,

    id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.:

    ex renibus laborare,

    id. Tusc. 2, 25:

    ex gravitate loci vulgari morbos,

    Liv. 25, 26:

    ex vino vacillantes, hesterna ex potatione oscitantes,

    Quint. 8, 33, 66:

    gravida e Pamphilo est,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 11:

    credon' tibi hoc, nunc peperisse hanc e Pamphilo?

    id. ib. 3, 2, 17:

    ex se nati,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 35:

    ex quodam conceptus,

    id. ib. 2, 21:

    ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum,

    id. ib. 1, 44:

    ex hac maxima libertate tyrannis gignitur,

    id. ib. et saep.:

    ex te duplex nos afficit sollicitudo,

    Cic. Brut. 97, 332; cf.:

    quoniam tum ex me doluisti, nunc ut duplicetur tuum ex me gaudium, praestabo,

    id. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

    in spem victoriae adductus ex opportunitate loci,

    Sall. J. 48, 2:

    veritus ex anni tempore et inopia aquae, ne siti conficeretur exercitus,

    id. ib. 50, 1 et saep.:

    ex Transalpinis gentibus triumphare,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 6, 18; id. Off. 2, 8, 28; cf. id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:

    gens Fabia saepe ex opulentissima Etrusca civitate victoriam tulit,

    Liv. 2, 50:

    ex tam propinquis stativis parum tuta frumentatio erat,

    i. e. on account of the proximity of the two camps, Liv. 31, 36:

    qua ex causa cum bellum Romanis Sabini intulissent,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 7:

    hic mihi (credo equidem ex hoc, quod eramus locuti) Africanus se ostendit,

    id. ib. 6, 10:

    quod ex eo sciri potest, quia, etc.,

    id. Tusc. 1, 18 fin.; cf. id. Leg. 1, 15, 43:

    causa... fuit ex eo, quod, etc.,

    id. Phil. 6, 1:

    ex eo fieri, ut, etc.,

    id. Lael. 13, 46:

    ex quo fit, ut, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 43:

    e quo efficitur, non ut, etc.,

    id. Fin. 2, 5, 15 et saep.—Sometimes between two substantives without a verb:

    non minor ex aqua postea quam ab hostibus clades,

    Flor. 4, 10, 8:

    ex nausea vomitus,

    Cels. 4, 5:

    ex hac clade atrox ira,

    Liv. 2, 51, 6:

    metus ex imperatore, contemptio ex barbaris,

    Tac. A. 11, 20:

    ex legato timor,

    id. Agr. 16 et saep.—
    2.
    In partic., to indicate that from which any thing derives its name, from, after, on account of:

    cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit,

    Sall. J. 5, 4; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 11:

    cui (sc. Tarquinio) cognomen Superbo ex moribus datum,

    id. 1, 7, 1:

    nomen ex vitio positum,

    Ov. F. 2, 601:

    quarum ex disparibus motionibus magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 20; id. Leg. 1, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 12; Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123:

    holosteon sine duritia est, herba ex adverso appellata a Graecis,

    id. 27, 10, 65, § 91:

    quam urbem e suo nomine Romam jussit nominari,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 7:

    e nomine (nominibus),

    id. ib. 2, 20; Tac. A. 4, 55; id. G. 2; Just. 15, 4, 8; 20, 5, 9 et saep.—
    F.
    To indicate a transition, i. e. a change, alteration, from one state or condition to another, from, out of:

    si possum tranquillum facere ex irato mihi,

    Plaut. Cist. 3, 21:

    fierent juvenes subito ex infantibus parvis,

    Lucr. 1, 186:

    dii ex hominibus facti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 10:

    ut exsistat ex rege dominus, ex optimatibus factio, ex populo turba et confusio,

    id. ib. 1, 45:

    nihil est tam miserabile quam ex beato miser,

    id. Part. 17; cf.:

    ex exsule consul,

    id. Manil. 4, 46:

    ex perpetuo annuum placuit, ex singulari duplex,

    Flor. 1, 9, 2: tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti, Sall. J. 10:

    ex alto sapore excitati,

    Curt. 7, 11, 18.—
    G.
    Ex (e) re, ex usu or ex injuria, to or for the advantage or injury of any one:

    ex tua re non est, ut ego emoriar,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102; 104; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 76: Cervius haec inter vicinus garrit aniles Ex re fabellas, i. e. fitting, suitable, pertinent (= pro commodo, quae cum re proposita conveniant), Hor. S. 2, 6, 78:

    aliquid facere bene et e re publica,

    for the good, the safety of the state, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 25:

    e (not ex) re publica,

    id. ib. 3, 12, 30; 8, 4, 13; id. de Or. 2, 28, 124; id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; Liv. 23, 24; Suet. Caes. 19 et saep.:

    exque re publica,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36:

    non ex usu nostro est,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 60; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 10; Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 2; 1, 50 fin.; 5, 6 fin. al.; cf.:

    ex utilitate,

    Plin. Pan. 67, 4; Tac. A. 15, 43:

    ex nullius injuria,

    Liv. 45, 44, 11.—
    H.
    To designate the measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with which any thing is done:

    (majores) primum jurare EX SVI ANIMI SENTENTIA quemque voluerunt,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 47 fin. (cf. Beier, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108, and the references):

    ex omnium sententia constitutum est, etc.,

    id. Clu. 63, 177; cf.:

    ex senatus sententia,

    id. Fam. 12, 4:

    ex collegii sententia,

    Liv. 4, 53:

    ex amicorum sententia,

    id. 40, 29:

    ex consilii sententia,

    id. 45, 29 et saep.; cf.

    also: ex sententia, i. q. ex voluntate,

    according to one's wish, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 96: Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 32; Cic. Fam. 12, 10, 2; id. Att. 5, 21 al.;

    and, in a like sense: ex mea sententia,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 1; id. Merc. 2, 3, 36:

    ex senatus consulto,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 18; Sall. C. 42 fin.:

    ex edicto, ex decreto,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 56 fin.; id. Quint. 8, 30:

    ex lege,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19; id. Clu. 37, 103; id. Inv. 1, 38, 68: ex jure, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 4 (Ann. v. 276 ed. Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Mull.; Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:

    ex foedere,

    Liv. 1, 23 et saep.:

    hunccine erat aequum ex illius more, an illum ex hujus vivere?

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 29; so,

    ex more,

    Sall. J. 61, 3; Verg. A. 5, 244; 8, 186; Ov. M. 14, 156; 15, 593; Plin. Ep. 3, 18; Flor. 4, 2, 79 al.; cf.:

    ex consuetudine,

    Cic. Clu. 13, 38; Caes. B. G. 1, 52, 4; 4, 32, 1; Sall. J. 71, 4; Quint. 2, 7, 1 al.:

    quod esse volunt e virtute, id est honeste vivere,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34:

    ex sua libidine moderantur,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 4; cf. Sall. C. 8, 1:

    ut magis ex animo rogare nihil possim,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 8, 3:

    eorum ex ingenio ingenium horum probant,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 42; cf. Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 118; Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A.:

    leges ex utilitate communi, non ex scriptione, quae in litteris est, interpretari,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 38; cf. id. Lael. 6, 21:

    nemo enim illum ex trunco corporis spectabat, sed ex artificio comico aestimabat,

    id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Caes. B. G. 3, 20, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2 al.:

    ex tuis verbis meum futurum corium pulcrum praedicas,

    Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 19; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 17; id. Att. 1, 3:

    nunc quae scribo, scribo ex opinione hominum atque fama,

    id. Fam. 12, 4 fin.:

    scripsit Tiberio, non ut profugus aut supplex, sed ex memoria prioris fortunae,

    Tac. A. 2, 63: quamquam haec quidem res non solum ex domestica est ratione;

    attingit etiam bellicam,

    Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76; cf. id. Quint. 11; 15 et saep.—E re rata, v. ratus.—
    I.
    To form adverbial expressions, such as: ex aequo, ex commodo, ex contrario, ex composito, ex confesso, ex destinato, ex diverso, ex facili, etc., ex affluenti, ex continenti;

    ex improviso, ex inopinato, etc., v. the words aequus, commodus, etc.

    ► Ex placed after its noun: variis ex,

     Lucr.
    2, 791:

    terris ex,

    id. 6, 788:

    quibus e sumus uniter apti,

    id. 3, 839; 5, 949.—E joined with que:

    que sacra quercu,

    Verg. E. 7, 13.
    IV.
    In composition, ex (cf. dis) before vowels and h, and before c, p, q, t (exagito, exeo, exigo, exoro, exuro, exhaurio; excedo, expello, exquiro, extraho); ef (sometimes ec) before f (effero, effluo, effringo; also in good MSS. ecfero, ecfari, ecfodio), elsewhere e (eblandior, educo, egredior, eicio, eligo, emitto, enitor, evado, eveho). A few exceptions are found, viz., in ex: epoto and epotus as well as expotus, and escendo as well as exscensio; in e: exbibo as well as ebibo; exballisto, exbola; exdorsuo; exfututa as well as effutuo; exfibulo; exlex, etc. After ex in compounds s is [p. 671] often elided in MSS. and edd. Both forms are correct, but the best usage and analogy favor the retaining of the s; so, exsaevio, exsanguis, exscensio, exscindo, exscribo, exsculpo, exseco, exsecror, exsequiae, exsequor, exsero, exsicco, exsilio, exsilium, exsisto, exsolvo, exsomnis, exsorbeo, exsors, exspecto, exspes, exspiro, exspolio, exspuo, exsterno, exstimulo, exstinguo, exstirpo, exsto, exstruo, exsudo, exsugo, exsul, exsulto, exsupero, exsurgo, exsuscito, and some others, with their derivv.; cf. Ribbeck, Prol. Verg. p. 445 sq. Only in escendere and escensio is the elision of x before s sustained by preponderant usage; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 766.—
    B.
    Signification.
    1.
    Primarily and most freq. of place, out or forth: exeo, elabor, educo, evado, etc.; and in an upward direction: emineo, effervesco, effero, erigo, exsurgo, exsulto, extollo, everto, etc.—Hence also, trop., out of ( a former nature), as in effeminare, qs. to change out of his own nature into that of a woman: effero, are, to render wild; thus ex comes to denote privation or negation, Engl. un-: exanimare, excusare, enodare, exonerare, effrenare, egelidus, I., elinguis, elumbis, etc.—
    2.
    Throughout, to the end: effervesco, effero, elugeo; so in the neuter verbs which in composition (esp. since the Aug. per.) become active: egredior, enavigo, eno, enitor, excedo, etc.—Hence, thoroughly, utterly, completely: elaudare, emori, enecare, evastare, evincere (but eminari and eminatio are false readings for minari and minatio; q. v.); and hence a simple enhancing of the principal idea: edurus, efferus, elamentabilis, egelidus, exacerbo, exaugeo, excolo, edisco, elaboro, etc. In many compounds, however, of post - Aug. and especially of post-class. Latinity this force of ex is no longer distinct; so in appellations of color: exalbidus, exaluminatus, etc.; so in exabusus, exambire, exancillatus, etc. Vid. Hand Turs. II. Pp. 613-662.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ex

  • 15 foveo

    fŏvĕo, fōvi, fōtum, 2, v. a. [Corss. assumes a root bhag-, to be hot; Gr. phôgein, to roast; O. H. Germ. bachan; Germ. backen; Engl. bake; hence, fovere for fog-vēre; favilla for fag-villa; and to this refers: favere, faustus, etc., Ausspr. 1, 142; 2, 1004; but cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 188, and v. faveo], to warm, keep warm (class.; esp. freq. in the transf. and trop. signif.; syn.: calefacio: faveo, studeo, adjuvo, etc.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    nisi sol sua pro parte fovet tribuitque calorem,

    Lucr. 1, 807; cf. id. 1, 1033:

    ut et pennis (pullos) foveant, ne frigore laedantur,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 52, 129; cf.:

    pulli a matribus exclusi fotique,

    id. ib. 2, 48, 124:

    fetus rigentes apprimendo pectori,

    Plin. 8, 36, 54, § 127:

    laridum atque epulas foveri foculis ferventibus,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 67:

    quos sancta fovet ille manu, bene vivitis ignes,

    i. e. keeps up, Ov. F. 3, 427;

    for which, in a different construction: fovet ignibus aras,

    id. M. 7, 427:

    nomen in marmore lectum Perfudit lacrimis et aperto pectore fovit,

    warmed the name with her naked breast, id. ib. 2, 339.—
    II.
    Transf., to cherish, foster any thing.
    A.
    Physically. So of diseased parts of the body, to foment (whether with warm or cold remedies):

    dumque manet corpus, corpus refoventque foventque,

    Ov. M. 8, 536:

    nares exulceratas fovere oportet vapore aquae calidae,

    Cels. 6, 8:

    multa aqua prius calida, post egelida fovendum os caputque,

    id. 4, 2, 4:

    genua calido aceto,

    Col. 6, 12, 4:

    nervos cortice et foliis in vino decoctis,

    Plin. 24, 9, 37, § 58; 32, 9, 34, § 106:

    cutem lacte asinino,

    id. 28, 12, 50, § 183:

    os quoque multa frigida aqua fovendum est,

    Cels. 1, 5; 1, 3 init.:

    cutem frigida et ante et postea,

    Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 184:

    vulnus lymphă,

    Verg. A. 12, 420.— Poet., in gen. (a favorite word with Vergil): interdum gremio fovet inscia Dido (puerum), cherishes, holds in her lap, Verg. A. 1, 718:

    germanam sinu,

    id. ib. 4, 686:

    cunctantem lacertis amplexu molli,

    i. e. to embrace, enfold, id. ib. 8, 388:

    animas et olentia Medi ora fovent,

    id. G. 2, 135:

    ipse aeger, anhelans Colla fovet,

    i. e. leans against the tree, id. A. 10, 838: castra fovere, to remain in the camp (the figure being that of a bird brooding over its nest), id. ib. 9, 57:

    (coluber) fovit humum,

    id. G. 3, 420;

    and transf. to a period of time: nunc hiemem inter se luxu, quam longa, fovere, Regnorum immemores,

    sit the winter through, pass the winter, id. A. 4, 193.—
    B.
    Mentally, to cherish, caress, love, favor, support, assist, encourage:

    scribis de Caesaris summo in nos amore. Hunc et tu fovebis et nos quibuscumque poterimus rebus augebimus,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 9; cf.:

    inimicum meum sic fovebant, etc.,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

    Vettienum, ut scribis, et Faberium foveo,

    id. Att. 15, 13, 3:

    et eo puto per Pomponium fovendum tibi esse Hortensium,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 8; cf. also Quint. 1, 2, 16:

    (duo duces) pugnantes hortabantur et prope certa fovebant spe,

    encouraged, animated, Liv. 38, 6, 5:

    tribuni plebis in cooptandis collegis patrum voluntatem foverunt,

    id. 3, 65, 1; cf.:

    res alicujus,

    id. 24, 36, 9; 26, 36, 6:

    spem potentioris,

    id. 40, 5, 5:

    rex statuerat utram foveret partem,

    id. 42, 29, 11; cf. id. 5, 3, 9:

    consilia alicujus,

    Tac. H. 1, 46:

    spectator populus hos, rursus illos clamore et plausu fovebat,

    id. ib. 3, 83:

    tu mihi gubernacula rei publicae petas fovendis hominum sensibus et deleniendis animis et adhibendis voluptatibus?

    by pampering, Cic. Mur. 35, 74:

    partes alicujus,

    Tac. H. 1, 8; 1, 14:

    adolescentiam alicujus exhortationibus,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 1; cf.:

    ut propria naturae bona doctrina foverent,

    Quint. 2, 8, 3:

    ingenia et artes,

    Suet. Vesp. 18:

    quam magis in pectore meo foveo, quas meus filius turbas turbet,

    i. e. dwell upon, think over, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 1:

    vota animo,

    Ov. M. 7, 633:

    spem,

    Mart. 9, 49, 4:

    nequiquam eos perditam spem fovere,

    Liv. 22, 53, 4; cf. Tac. H. 1, 62; Val. Max. 6 praef. § 9; cf. conversely: ut spes vos foveat, may sustain you, Just. Inst. prooem. 7:

    hoc regnum dea gentibus esse, jam tum tenditque fovetque,

    cherishes, Verg. A. 1, 18: dum illud tractabam, de quo antea scripsi ad te, quasi fovebam dolores meos (the fig. being taken from the fomenting of diseased parts of the body;

    v. above, II. A.),

    Cic. Att. 12, 18, 1:

    pantomimos fovebat effusius,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > foveo

  • 16 insinuatio

    insĭnŭātĭo, ōnis, f. [insinuo], an entrance through a narrow or crooked way.
    I.
    Lit.:

    Ponti,

    Avien. Perieg. 397.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    An insinuating or ingratiating one ' s self into the favor of others:

    exordium in duas partes dividitur, in principium et insinuationem.... Insinuatio est oratio, quadam dissimulatione et circuitione obscure subiens auditoris animum,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 15, 20.—
    B.
    A notification, publication, Cod. Just. 8, 54, 32.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > insinuatio

  • 17 pro

    1.
    prō (archaic collat. form, posi in posimerium; cf. pono, from posino; cf. Gr. poti and pot with pros), adv. and prep. [root in Sanscr. prep. pra-, before, as in prathamas, first; Gr. pro; cf.: proteros, prôtos, etc.; Lat.: prae, prior, priscus, etc.; perh. old abl. form, of which prae is the loc. ], before, in front of; and, transf., for, with the idea of protection, substitution, or proportion.
    I.
    Adv., found only in the transf. comp. signif. (v. infra, II. B. 3.) in connection with quam and ut: pro quam and pro ut (the latter usually written in one word, prout), like prae quam and prae ut.
    * A.
    Pro quam, in proportion as, just as:

    nec satis est, pro quam largos exaestuat aestus,

    Lucr. 2, 1137. —
    B.
    Pro ut or prout, according as, in proportion, accordingly, proportionably as, just as, as (class.):

    compararat argenti bene facti, prout Thermitani hominis facultates ferebant, satis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83:

    tuas litteras, prout res postulat, exspecto,

    id. Att. 11, 6 fin.:

    id, prout cujusque ingenium erat, interpretabantur,

    Liv. 38, 50:

    prout locus iniquus aequusve his aut illis, prout animus pugnantium est, prout numerus, varia pugnae fortuna est,

    id. 38, 40 fin. —With a corresp. ita:

    ejusque rationem ita haberi, prout haberi lege liceret,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

    prout sedes ipsa est, ita varia genera morborum sunt,

    Cels. 4, 4, 5:

    prout nives satiaverint, ita Nilum increscere,

    Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 51.—
    II.
    Prep. with abl. (late Lat. with acc.:

    PRO SALVTEM SVAM,

    Inscr. Grut. 4, 12; 46, 9; Inscr. Orell. 2360), before, in front of.
    A.
    Lit., of place:

    sedens pro aede Castoris,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 27:

    praesidia, quae pro templis cernitis,

    id. Mil. 1, 2:

    ii qui pro portis castrorum in statione erant,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 32:

    pro castris copias habere,

    id. ib. 7, 66:

    pro castris dimicare,

    id. ib. 5, 16:

    pro oppido,

    id. ib. 7, 71:

    pro opere consistere,

    Sall. J. 92, 9:

    castra pro moenibus locata,

    Liv. 2, 53; 4, 17:

    pro muro,

    id. 30, 10:

    pro castris explicare aciem,

    id. 6, 23:

    pro vallo,

    Plin. 2, 37, 37, § 101; Vell. 2, 19, 1.—With verbs of motion:

    Caesar pro castris suas copias produxit,

    before the camp, Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

    hasce tabulas hic ibidem pro pedibus tuis obicito,

    before your feet, App. Mag. p. 337, 36; id. M. 4, p. 155, 2.—
    2.
    In partic., with the accessory idea of presence on the front part, on the edge or brink of a place, on or in the front of, often to be translated by a simple on or in:

    pro censu classis iuniorum, Serv. Tullius cum dixit, accipi debet in censu, ut ait M. Varro, sicuti pro aede Castoris, pro tribunali, pro testimonio,

    Fest. p. 246 Müll.; cf.: pro significat in, ut pro rostris, pro aede, pro tribunali, Paul. ex Fest. p. 228 Müll.; and:

    pro sententia ac si dicatur in sententiā, ut pro rostris id est in rostris,

    id. p. 226 Müll.: hac re pro suggestu pronunciata, qs. standing on the front part of the tribune, or, as we would say, on the tribune, Caes. B. G. 6, 3: pro tribunali cum aliquid ageretur, was transacted before or at my tribunal, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 21; so,

    pro tribunali,

    id. Pis. 5, 11; id. Sest. 15, 34: pro contione, before the assembled army; and, in gen., before the assembly:

    laudatus pro contione Jugurtha,

    Sall. J. 8, 2; cf. Curt. 9, 1, 1:

    pro contione laudibus legati militumque tollere animos,

    Liv. 7, 7:

    fortes viros pro contione donantis,

    Curt. 10, 5, 10:

    pro contione litteras recitare,

    id. 4, 10, 16; Liv. 38, 23 fin.:

    pro contione palam utrumque temptavit,

    Suet. Vesp. 7; Tac. A. 3, 9; Front. Strat. 1, 11, 3: [p. 1448] 4, 5, 11; cf.:

    pro comitio,

    Suet. Aug. 43:

    uti pro consilio imperatum erat,

    in the council, Sall. J. 29, 6; cf.:

    supplicatio in triduum pro collegio decemvirūm imperata fuit,

    Liv. 38, 36:

    pontifices pro collegio decrevisse,

    Gell. 11, 3, 2:

    pro collegio pronuntiare,

    Liv. 4, 26, 9:

    suas simultates pro magistratu exercere,

    id. 39, 5:

    pro munimentis castelli manipulos explicat,

    before, on the fortifications, Tac. A. 2, 80; 12, 33: stabat pro litore diversa acies, in front of or upon the shore, id. ib. 14, 30:

    legionem pro ripā componere,

    id. ib. 12, 29:

    velamenta et infulas pro muris ostentant,

    in front of, from the walls, Tac. H. 3, 31; so,

    pro muris,

    id. A. 2, 81:

    ad hoc mulieres puerique pro tectis aedificiorum saxa et alia, quae locus praebebat, certatim mittere,

    standing on the edge of the roofs, from the roofs, Sall. J. 67, 1 Kritz.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    To signify a standing before or in front of, for defence or protection; hence an acting for, in behalf of, in favor of, for the benefit of, on the side of (opp. contra, adversum):

    veri inveniendi causā contra omnia dici oportere et pro omnibus,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 60; cf.:

    hoc non modo non pro me, sed contra me est potius,

    id. de Or. 3, 20, 75:

    partim nihil contra Habitum valere, partim etiam pro hoc esse,

    id. Clu. 32, 88:

    difficillimum videtur quod dixi, pro ipsis esse quibus eveniunt ista, quae horremus ac tremimus,

    Sen. Prov. 3, 2:

    haec cum contra legem proque lege dicta essent,

    Liv. 34, 8: pro Romano populo armis certare, Enn. ap. Non. 150, 6 (Ann. v. 215 Vahl.); cf.: pro vostrā vitā morti occumbant, id. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 2, 62 (Trag. v. 176 Vahl.): quae ego pro re publica fecissem, Cato ap. Front. p. 149:

    nihil ab eo praetermissum est, quod aut pro re publicā conquerendum fuit, aut pro eā disputandum,

    Cic. Sest. 2, 3:

    omnia me semper pro amicorum periculis, nihil umquam pro me ipso deprecatum,

    id. de Or. 2, 49, 201:

    convenit dimicare pro legibus, pro libertate, pro patriā,

    id. Tusc. 4, 19, 43:

    dulce et decorum est pro patriā mori,

    Hor. C. 3, 2, 13; cf. id. ib. 3, 19, 2:

    pro sollicitis non tacitus reis,

    id. ib. 4, 1, 14:

    spondere levi pro paupere,

    id. A. P. 423:

    urbes, quae viris aut loco pro hostibus et advorsum se opportunissumae erant,

    Sall. J. 88, 4:

    nec aliud adversus validissimas gentes pro nobis utilius, quam, etc.,

    Tac. Agr. 12:

    et locus pro vobis et nox erit, Liv 9, 24, 8: et loca sua et genus pugnae pro hoste fuere,

    id. 39, 30, 3:

    pro Corbulone aetas, patrius mos... erant: contra, etc.,

    Tac. A. 3, 31; id. H. 4, 78; Curt. 4, 14, 16.—
    2.
    With the notion of replacement or substitution, in the place of, instead of, for.
    a.
    In gen.: numquam ego argentum pro vino congiario... disdidi, Cato ap. Front. p. 149:

    ego ibo pro te, si tibi non libet,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 10:

    ego pro te molam,

    Ter. And. 1, 2, 29; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 13:

    mutata (ea dico), in quibus pro verbo proprio subicitur aliud... ut cum minutum dicimus animum pro parvo, etc.,

    id. Or. 27, 92 sq.; cf.:

    libenter etiam copulando verba jungebant, ut sodes pro si audes, sis pro si vis... ain' pro aisne, nequire pro non quire, malle pro magis velle, nolle pro non velle. Dein etiam saepe et exin pro deinde et exinde dicimus,

    id. ib. 45, 154:

    pro vitulā statuis dulcem Aulide natam, Hor S. 2, 3, 199: pro bene sano Ac non incauto fictum astutumque vocamus,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 61; cf. Suet. Caes. 70:

    pro ope ferendā sociis pergit ipse ire, etc.,

    Liv. 23, 28, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.; Zumpt, Gram. § 667; cf.:

    pro eo, ut ipsi ex alieno agro raperent, suas terras, etc.,

    Liv. 22, 1, 2.—
    b.
    Esp. freq. in connection with the title of any officer, to denote his substitute' pro consule, pro praetore, pro quaestore, pro magistro, etc. (afterwards joined into one word, as proconsul, propraetor, proquaestor, promagister, etc.), proconsul, proprœtor, proquœstor, vice-director:

    cum pro consule in Ciliciam proficiscens Athenas venissem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 82; cf.:

    cum L. Philippus pro consulibus eum se mittere dixit, non pro consule,

    instead of the consuls, not as proconsul, id. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

    nec pro praetore, Caesarem (vocat),

    id. ib. 13, 10, 22; Liv. 35, 1. cum Alexandriae pro quaestore essem, Cic. Ac. 2, 4, 11' cf.:

    litteris Q. Caepionis Bruti pro consule... Q. Hortensii pro consule opera, etc.,

    id. Phil. 10, 11, 26: P. Terentius operas in portu et scripturā Asiae pro magistro dedit, id. Att. 11, 10, 1; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169; id. Fam. 13, 65, 1; see also the words proconsul, promagister, propraetor, proquaestor, etc.—
    c.
    So of price, penalty, etc., in exchange, in return for:

    tres minas pro istis duobus dedi,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 138; id. Aul. 3, 3, 8:

    pro hujus peccatis ego supplicium sufferam,

    Ter. And. 5, 3, 17:

    dimidium ejus quod pactus esset, pro carmine daturum,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 351:

    pro vitā hominis nisi hominis vita reddatur, non posse deorum inmortalium numen placari,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 16:

    id pro immolatis in foro Tarquiniensium Romanis poenae hostibus redditum,

    Liv. 7, 19, 3:

    vos, pro paternis sceleribus, poenas date,

    Sen. Med. 925; Lact. 2, 7, 21:

    pro crimine poenas,

    Ov. Ib. 621.—
    3.
    Pro is also frequently used to denote the viewing, judging, considering, representing of a thing as something, for, the same as, just as, as:

    pro sano loqueris, quom me appellas nomine,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 24:

    sese ducit pro adulescentulo,

    id. Stich. 3, 1, 65; id. Cist. 1, 3, 24:

    hunc Eduxi a parvulo, habui, amavi pro meo,

    as my own, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 23:

    Cato ille noster qui mihi unus est pro centum milibus,

    whose voice I regard as equal to that of thousands, Cic. Att. 2, 5, 1:

    Siciliam nobis non pro penariā cellā, sed pro aerario fuisse,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 5:

    P. Sestio pro occiso relictus est,

    id. Sest. 38, 81; Caes. B. G. 3, 109:

    cum pro damnato mortuoque esset,

    as good as condemned and dead, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 33:

    summa ratio, quae sapientibus pro necessitate est,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 3:

    negotia pro solatiis accipiens,

    Tac. A. 4, 13:

    consuli pro hostibus esse,

    Liv. 43, 5, 4:

    adeo incredibilis visa res, ut non pro vano modo, sed vix pro sano nuncius audiretur,

    as a boaster, Liv. 39, 49: quoniam de adventu Caesaris pro certo habebamus, to consider as certain, Mat. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, 6 et saep.; v. certus.—
    4.
    Esp. in certain phrases: pro eo, for the same thing, as just the same:

    ut si a Caesare, quod speramus, impetrarimus, tuo beneficio nos id consecutos esse judicemus: sin minus, pro eo tantum id habeamus, cum a te data sit opera, ut impetraremus,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 7, 5.—With the particles of comparison: atque ( ac), ac si, quasi, just the same as, even as, as though: pro eo ac debui, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 1:

    pro eo ac si concessum sit,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 32, 54:

    pro eo est atque si adhibitus non esset,

    Dig. 28, 1, 22:

    pro eo erit quasi ne legatum quidem sit,

    ib. 30, 1, 38: pro eo quod, for the reason that, because:

    pro eo quod ejus nomen erat magnā apud omnes gloriā,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 18, 75: pro eo quod pluribus verbis vos quam volui fatigavi, veniam a vobis petitam velim, Liv 38, 49 fin. —
    5.
    On account of, for the sake of:

    dolor pro patriā,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 24:

    tumultus pro recuperandā re publicā,

    id. Brut. 90, 311 dub. (B. and K. omit pro):

    dedit pro corpore nummos, i. e. to rescue his person,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 43:

    aliquem amare pro ejus eximiā suavitate,

    Cic. de Or 1, 55, 234:

    pro quibus meritis quanto opere dilectus sit,

    Suet. Aug. 57:

    cum pro incolumitate principis vota susceperunt,

    Tac. A. 4, 17:

    pro bono (= bene),

    Sall. J. 22, 4.—
    6.
    Pro is used in its most general sense in stating the relation between two objects or actions, in proportion, in comparison with, according to or as, conformably to, by virtue of, for, etc.:

    meus pater nunc pro hujus verbis recte et sapienter facit,

    according to his story, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 133:

    tu pro oratione nec vir nec mulier mihi's,

    id. Rud. 4, 4, 71: pro viribus tacere ac fabulari, according to one's ability, Enn. ap. Non. 475, 4 (Trag. v. 181 Vahl.):

    facere certum'st pro copiā ac sapientiā,

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 8:

    agere pro viribus,

    Cic. Sen. 9, 27:

    aliquem pro dignitate laudare,

    id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33:

    proelium atrocius quam pro numero pugnantium fuit,

    Liv. 21, 29: pro imperio, by virtue of his office or authority:

    quia pro imperio palam interfici non poterat,

    Liv. 1, 51, 2; hence, imperatively, dictatorially, summarily:

    nec illum ipsum submovere pro imperio posse more majorum,

    id. 2, 56, 12 ' hem! satis pro imperio, quisquis es, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 18:

    pro tuā prudentiā,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 10, 2; 11, 12, 2:

    cum in eam rationem pro suo quisque sensu ac dolore loqueretur,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69:

    quibus aliquid opis fortasse ego pro meā, tu pro tuā, pro suā quisque parte ferre potuisset,

    id. Fam. 15, 15, 3: pro virili parte, according to one's ability, id. Sest. 66, 138; Liv. praef. 2; Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 23. —Esp. freq.: pro ratā parte and pro ratā, in proportion, proportionably; v. ratus:

    pro se quisque,

    each according to his ability, each one for himself, Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58; Caes. B. G. 2, 25; Verg. A. 12, 552 et saep.:

    pro tempore et pro re,

    according to time and circumstances, Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

    pro facultatibus,

    Nep. Epam. 3, 5.—Pro eo, quantum, or ut, in proportion to, as, according to, according as:

    eāque pro eo, quantum in quoque sit ponderis, esse aestimanda,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 21, 58:

    equidem pro eo, quanti te facio, quicquid feceris, approbabo,

    id. Fam. 3, 3, 2: tamen pro eo ut temporis difficultas tulit, etc., L. Metell. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 126.
    ► In composition the o is long in some words, in others short (through the influence of the Gr.
    pro-): prōdeo, prŏfiteor; and even in words borrowed from the Greek, as prōlogus.—Its signification has reference either to place, before, forwards; or to protection, for; procedo, procurro, profanus; procuro, propugno, prosum, protego.
    2.
    prō (less correctly prōh), interj., an exclamation of wonder or lamentation, O! Ah! Alas! (class.).
    (α).
    With nom.:

    proh! bonae frugi hominem te jam pridem esse arbitror,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 4: pro Juppiter! Enn. ap. Varr L. L. 7, § 12 Müll. (Trag. v 225 Vahl.); Ter. And. 4, 3, 17; id. Eun. 3, 5, 2; id. Ad. 1, 2, 31; cf.:

    pro supreme Juppiter,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 42:

    pro Juppiter, Hominis stultitiam!

    id. ib. 3, 3, 12:

    pro di immortales,

    id. ib. 3, 4, 1; cf.: pro, dii immortales: Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:

    pro curia inversique mores!

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 7:

    pro scelus,

    Mart. 2, 46, 8.—
    (β).
    Parenthet.:

    pro, quanta potentia regni Est, Venus alma, tui,

    Ov. M. 13, 758:

    et mea, pro! nullo pondere verba cadunt,

    id. H. 3, 98:

    tantum, pro! degeneramus a patribus,

    Liv. 22, 14, 6; Curt. 4, 16, 10.—
    (γ).
    With acc.: pro divom fidem! Enn. ap. Don. ad. Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25 (Sat. v. 30 Vahl.); Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 28; cf.:

    pro deum atque hominum fidem!

    id. And. 1, 5, 2; 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 9; Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 48;

    instead of which, ellipt.: pro deum immortalium!

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 4:

    pro deum atque hominum,

    id. Hec. 2, 1, 1:

    pro fidem deum! facinus foedum,

    id. Eun. 5, 4, 21.—
    (δ).
    With gen.: pro malae tractationis! Tert. Poen. fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > pro

  • 18 rogatio

    rŏgātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.].
    I.
    Publicists' t. t., an inquiry of the people as to whether they will decree this or that, a proposal to the people for passing a law or decree, a proposed law or decree, a bill:

    quae (rogatio) de Pompeio a Gellio et a Lentulo consulibus lata est,

    was proposed, presented, introduced, Cic. Balb. 14, 33:

    quibus lege aut rogatione civitas aut libertas erepta sit,

    id. Caecin. 84, 100 Halm ad loc.:

    rogationem ferre de aliquo,

    id. Sull. 23, 65:

    in aliquem,

    id. Brut. 23, 89:

    ad populum,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 1:

    ad plebem,

    Liv. 33, 25:

    in dissuasione rogationis ejus, quae contra coloniam Narbonensem ferebatur,

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140:

    Piso lator rogationis idem erat dissuasor,

    id. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    rogationem promulgare,

    Sall. J. 40, 1; cf.:

    promulgantur uno eodemque tempore rogationes ab eodem tribuno de meā pernicie et de provinciis consulum,

    Cic. Sest. 10 fin.; Liv. 41, 6:

    suasit rogationem,

    recommended, spoke in favor of it, Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28; id. Off. 3, 30, 109:

    intercedere rogationi,

    to oppose it, id. de Or. 2, 47, 197:

    rogationem accipere,

    to accept it, id. Att. 1, 14, 5;

    for which: rogationes jubere (opp. antiquare),

    Liv. 6, 39:

    per vim rogationem perferre,

    to carry through, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 3:

    cum provocatione rogationem pertulit,

    Liv. 3, 54, 15:

    recitare rogationis carmen,

    id. 3, 64, 10. — The formula made use of in such a rogation runs thus, in Gell. 5, 19, 9: velitis jubeatis uti, etc. (here follows the proposed law; at the close): haec ita uti dixi ita vos Quirites rogo.—
    II.
    Transf., in gen.,
    A.
    A question, interrogation, only as a figure of speech:

    rogatio atque huic finitima quasi percontatio,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 53, 203; Quint. 9, 1, 29. —
    B.
    An asking, demanding; a prayer, entreaty, request (very rare):

    ego Curtium non modo rogatione sed etiam testimonio tuo diligo,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 10; id. Planc. 10, 25:

    injusta amici,

    Val. Max. 6, 4, 4; Vulg. Ecclus. 4, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > rogatio

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